本文由小咖机器人翻译整理

期刊来源：JAMA

原文链接：https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2024.8391

摘要内容如下：

重要性

青年（18岁以下）父母死亡与负面健康结果有关。了解药物中毒（此处指毒品）和枪支导致父母死亡的负担对于告知干预措施至关重要。

目的

估计青年父母因毒品、枪支和所有其他原因死亡的发生率。

设计、设置和参与者

该横断面观察性研究使用生命登记（包括所有美国死者）和1990年1月至2020年12月的人口普查数据进行。数据分析时间为2023年5月30日至2024年3月28日。

曝光

父母因药物中毒或枪支而死亡。

主要成果和措施

使用人口统计矩阵预测模型来估计每1000名18岁以下人口中父母死亡（定义为1名或1名以上父母死亡）的青年人数和发生率。从1999年到2020年，按种族和民族对因毒品、枪支和所有其他原因导致的父母死亡进行了分析评估。

结果

1999年至2020年，共有931785例药物中毒死亡和736779例枪支相关死亡，平均（SD）年龄为42.6（16.3）岁。大多数死亡发生在男性（73.8%）和白人死者（70.8%）中，其次是黑人（17.5%）和西班牙裔（9.5%）死者。估计有759000（95%CI，722，000-800，000）名青少年的父母死于毒品，估计有434000（95%CI，409，000-460，000）名青少年的父母死于枪支，占所有父母死亡的17%。从1999年到2020年，估计因毒品导致父母死亡的青少年人数增加了345%（95%CI，334%-361%），因枪支导致父母死亡的青少年人数增加了39%（95%CI，37%-41%），而因所有其他原因导致父母死亡的青少年人数增加了24%（95%CI，23%-25%）。黑人青年经历了父母死亡的不成比例的负担，主要是基于父亲的枪击死亡。2020年，毒品和枪支占所有父母死亡的23%，是1999年（12%）的两倍。

结论和相关性

这项模型研究的结果表明，美国青少年因毒品或枪支导致父母死亡的风险很高，而且还在不断增加。遏制这一问题的努力应优先考虑避免吸毒过量和枪支暴力，特别是在结构性边缘化群体中。

英文原文如下：

Abstracts

Importance  Youth (those aged <18 years) parental death has been associated with negative health outcomes. Understanding the burden of parental death due to drug poisoning (herein, drugs) and firearms is essential for informing interventions.

Objective  To estimate the incidence of youth parental death due to drugs, firearms, and all other causes.

Design, Setting, and Participants  This cross-sectional observational study was conducted using vital registration, including all US decedents, and census data from January 1990 through December 2020. Data were analyzed from May 30, 2023, to March 28, 2024.

Exposures  Parental death due to drug poisoning or firearms.

Main Outcomes and Measures  A demographic matrix projection model was used to estimate the number and incidence of youth experiencing parental death, defined as the death of 1 or more parents, per 1000 population aged less than 18 years. Analyses evaluated parental deaths by drugs, firearms, and all other causes from 1999 through 2020 by race and ethnicity.

Results  Between 1999 and 2020, there were 931 785 drug poisoning deaths and 736 779 firearm-related deaths with a mean (SD) age of 42.6 (16.3) years. Most deaths occurred among males (73.8%) and White decedents (70.8%) followed by Black (17.5%) and Hispanic (9.5%) decedents. An estimated 759 000 (95% CI, 722 000-800 000) youth experienced parental death due to drugs and an estimated 434 000 (95% CI, 409 000-460 000) youth experienced parental death due to firearms, accounting for 17% of all parental deaths. From 1999 to 2020, the estimated number of youth who experienced parental death increased 345% (95% CI, 334%-361%) due to drugs and 39% (95% CI, 37%-41%) due to firearms compared with 24% (95% CI, 23%-25%) due to all other causes. Black youth experienced a disproportionate burden of parental deaths, based primarily on firearm deaths among fathers. In 2020, drugs and firearms accounted for 23% of all parental deaths, double the proportion in 1999 (12%).

Conclusions and Relevance  Results of this modeling study suggest that US youth are at high and increasing risk of experiencing parental death by drugs or firearms. Efforts to stem this problem should prioritize averting drug overdoses and firearm violence, especially among structurally marginalized groups.

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