本文由小咖机器人翻译整理

期刊来源：Ann Intern Med

原文链接：https://doi.org/10.7326/M24-0217

摘要内容如下：

尽管在治疗方面取得了进展，但艾滋病毒感染仍然是发病率和死亡率的重要原因，美国每年新诊断的病例超过3万例。有几种传统上用于预防艾滋病毒传播的干预措施，但这些措施的有效性各不相同，其实施也存在挑战。2014年，美国疾病控制与预防中心（Centers for Disease Control and Prevention，CDC）发布了关于使用抗逆转录病毒暴露前预防（PrEP）预防高危人群感染艾滋病毒的初步指南，该指南基于多项研究，这些研究表明，PrEP在不同人群中都非常有效。它在2021年进行了更新，以反映新的药物选择。美国预防服务工作组（U.S.Preventive Services Task Force）最近也更新了对PrEP的建议，强烈支持将其用于高危人群。尽管PrEP的有效性已得到公认，但其在临床实践中的实施情况一直各不相同，特别是在医疗系统服务不足和被社会边缘化的人群中。在美国，符合PrEP资格的人中，目前只有不到三分之一的人获得了PrEP。在这里，两位在HIV PrEP方面经验丰富的医生讨论了如何最好地识别可能从PrEP中受益的患者，如何决定使用什么方案，以及如何监测治疗。

英文原文如下：

Abstracts

Despite advances in treatment, HIV infection remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality, with more than 30 000 new cases diagnosed in the United States each year. There are several interventions traditionally used to prevent HIV transmission, but these vary in effectiveness and there are challenges to their implementation. In 2014, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention published initial guidance on the use of antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to prevent transmission of HIV infection in persons at risk based on multiple studies that showed it to be highly efficacious in various populations. It was updated in 2021 to reflect new drug options. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force also recently updated its recommendations for PrEP, which strongly support its use in persons at risk. Despite its well-established effectiveness, the implementation of PrEP in clinical practice has been variable, especially among populations underserved by the medical system and marginalized by society. Fewer than one third of persons in the United States who are eligible for PrEP currently receive it. Here, 2 physicians experienced in HIV PrEP debate how best to identify patients who might benefit from PrEP, how to decide what regimen to use, and how to monitor therapy.

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