本文由小咖机器人翻译整理

期刊来源：Ann Intern Med

原文链接：https://doi.org/10.7326/M23-2975

摘要内容如下：

背景

最近有报道称，美国少数种族/族裔人群的结核病（TB）发病率升高。跟踪这些差异对于评估国家卫生公平目标的进展和实施变革非常重要。

客观

量化美国出生人群中结核病发病率的种族/民族差异趋势。

设计

2011年至2021年国家结核病登记数据的时间序列分析。

设置

美国。

参与者

美国出生的人按种族/民族分层。

测量

与非西班牙裔白人相比的结核病发病率、发病率差异和发病率比率；结核病病例过多（根据发病率差异计算）；以及差距指数。分析按性别和结核病近期传播的归因进行分层，并根据年龄、年份和居住状态进行调整。

结果

与非西班牙裔白人相比，在每个种族/民族人群的结核病发病率分析中，美国印第安人或阿拉斯加土著（AI/AN）女性的发病率比率高达14.2（95%CI，13.0至15.5）。女性、年轻人和近期传播的结核病的相对差异更大。男性的绝对差距更大。2011年至2021年的超额结核病病例分别占女性和男性病例总数的69%（置信区间，66%至71%）和62%（置信区间，60%至64%）。没有证据表明发病率比率随着时间的推移而下降，并且大多数相对差异测量显示出小的、统计学上不显著的增加。

局限性

分析假设完整的结核病病例诊断和种族/民族的自我报告，并且没有对医学合并症或健康的社会决定因素进行调整。

结论

不同种族/民族的结核病发病率一直存在差异。AI/AN人、女性和年轻人的相对差异更大，男性的绝对差异更大。在美国出生的人口中，消除这些差异可以将结核病的总体发病率降低60%以上。

主要资金来源

疾病控制和预防中心。

英文原文如下：

Abstracts

BACKGROUND  Elevated tuberculosis (TB) incidence rates have recently been reported for racial/ethnic minority populations in the United States. Tracking such disparities is important for assessing progress toward national health equity goals and implementing change.

OBJECTIVE  To quantify trends in racial/ethnic disparities in TB incidence among U.S.-born persons.

DESIGN  Time-series analysis of national TB registry data for 2011 to 2021.

SETTING  United States.

PARTICIPANTS  U.S.-born persons stratified by race/ethnicity.

MEASUREMENTS  TB incidence rates, incidence rate differences, and incidence rate ratios compared with non-Hispanic White persons; excess TB cases (calculated from incidence rate differences); and the index of disparity. Analyses were stratified by sex and by attribution of TB disease to recent transmission and were adjusted for age, year, and state of residence.

RESULTS  In analyses of TB incidence rates for each racial/ethnic population compared with non-Hispanic White persons, incidence rate ratios were as high as 14.2 (95% CI, 13.0 to 15.5) among American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN) females. Relative disparities were greater for females, younger persons, and TB attributed to recent transmission. Absolute disparities were greater for males. Excess TB cases in 2011 to 2021 represented 69% (CI, 66% to 71%) and 62% (CI, 60% to 64%) of total cases for females and males, respectively. No evidence was found to indicate that incidence rate ratios decreased over time, and most relative disparity measures showed small, statistically nonsignificant increases.

LIMITATION  Analyses assumed complete TB case diagnosis and self-report of race/ethnicity and were not adjusted for medical comorbidities or social determinants of health.

CONCLUSION  There are persistent disparities in TB incidence by race/ethnicity. Relative disparities were greater for AI/AN persons, females, and younger persons, and absolute disparities were greater for males. Eliminating these disparities could reduce overall TB incidence by more than 60% among the U.S.-born population.

PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

-----------分割线---------

点击链接：https://www.mediecogroup.com/community/user/vip/categories/ ，成为医咖会员，获取12项专属权益。