本文由小咖机器人翻译整理

期刊来源：Ann Intern Med

原文链接：https://doi.org/10.7326/M23-2451

摘要内容如下：

背景

美国食品和药物管理局提议每年接种SARS-CoV-2疫苗。

客观

评估年度SARS-CoV-2疫苗接种活动的有效性，量化向2岁以下儿童和50岁及以上成人提供第二剂疫苗的健康和经济效益，并优化第二剂疫苗的接种时间。

设计

年龄结构的动态传播模型。

设置

美国。

参与者

反映美国人口统计和接触模式的综合人口。

干预

针对SARS-CoV-2的疫苗接种具有与流感疫苗相似的年龄特异性吸收。

测量

发病率、住院率、死亡率和直接医疗保健费用。

结果

在年度疫苗接种活动中，向2岁以下儿童和50岁及以上成人接种第一剂和第二剂疫苗之间的最佳时间估计为5个月。与单剂量活动相比，第二次加强剂量导致住院减少123869例（95%不确定区间[UI]，住院减少1219994至125742例），死亡减少5524例（95%UI，死亡减少5434至5613例），一年内避免了36.3亿美元（95%UI，35.7亿美元至36.9亿美元）的成本。

局限性

人群免疫取决于新出现的SARS-CoV-2变异体的免疫逃避程度。该模型是在没有非药物干预和预先存在的疫苗获得性免疫的情况下实施的。

结论

SARS-CoV-2的直接医疗保健成本，特别是在50岁或以上的成年人中，通过在首次给药后5个月给予第二次给药，将大大降低。

主要资金来源

加拿大自然科学与工程研究委员会、Notsew Orm Sands基金会、美国国立卫生研究院、美国疾病控制与预防中心和美国国家科学基金会。

英文原文如下：

Abstracts

BACKGROUND  The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has proposed administering annual SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.

OBJECTIVE  To evaluate the effectiveness of an annual SARS-CoV-2 vaccination campaign, quantify the health and economic benefits of a second dose provided to children younger than 2 years and adults aged 50 years or older, and optimize the timing of a second dose.

DESIGN  An age-structured dynamic transmission model.

SETTING  United States.

PARTICIPANTS  A synthetic population reflecting demographics and contact patterns in the United States.

INTERVENTION  Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 with age-specific uptake similar to that of influenza vaccination.

MEASUREMENTS  Incidence, hospitalizations, deaths, and direct health care cost.

RESULTS  The optimal timing between the first and second dose delivered to children younger than 2 years and adults aged 50 years or older in an annual vaccination campaign was estimated to be 5 months. In direct comparison with a single-dose campaign, a second booster dose results in 123 869 fewer hospitalizations (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 121 994 to 125 742 fewer hospitalizations) and 5524 fewer deaths (95% UI, 5434 to 5613 fewer deaths), averting $3.63 billion (95% UI, $3.57 billion to $3.69 billion) in costs over a single year.

LIMITATIONS  Population immunity is subject to degrees of immune evasion for emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. The model was implemented in the absence of nonpharmaceutical interventions and preexisting vaccine-acquired immunity.

CONCLUSION  The direct health care costs of SARS-CoV-2, particularly among adults aged 50 years or older, would be substantially reduced by administering a second dose 5 months after the initial dose.

PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE  Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Notsew Orm Sands Foundation, National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and National Science Foundation.

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