本文由小咖机器人翻译整理

期刊来源：Lancet

原文链接：https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)02279-1

摘要内容如下：

背景

在美国，与白人女性相比，25-44岁的黑人女性被谋杀的比例过高。尽管正在努力减少种族和结构性不平等，但这些努力的结果仍不明朗，特别是考虑到COVID-19大流行。

方法

这项研究调查了美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）流行病学研究系统广泛的在线数据中，按种族划分的凶杀死亡率的横断面时间序列。我们纳入了1999年至2020年美国30个州25-44岁女性的数据。他杀死亡使用根本原因和多种死亡原因代码进行分类；死亡率是根据美国人口普查局的人口规模计算出来的。杀人方法分为火器、切割或刺穿等。通过逻辑回归（包括种族、时间及其交互作用的协变量）将枪支杀人与其他杀人进行比较。我们报告了比值比和95%CI。

调查结果

2020年，黑人女性的凶杀率为11.6/10万，而白人女性的凶杀率为3/10万。随着时间的推移，这种不平等现象一直存在，自1999年以来几乎没有变化。美国各州的凶杀案不平等现象各不相同；自1999年以来，11个州的种族不平等现象有所增加。威斯康星州的种族不平等现象最为严重，在2019-20年，25-44岁的黑人女性死于凶杀的可能性是白人女性的20倍。用火器杀人的频率正在增加；与1999-2003年相比，2019-20年美国女性涉及枪支杀人的几率为2.44（95%CI 2.14-2.78）倍。在美国的每个地区，枪支杀人死亡都不成比例地集中在黑人妇女中。

解释

我们的研究结果表明，迫切需要解决美国黑人和白人女性之间的凶杀不平等问题。制定减少枪支获取的联邦立法是至关重要的一步。政策制定者必须通过实施可持续的财富积累机会，解决导致枪支暴力加剧的长期结构性因素；发展种族隔离、混合收入和负担得起的住房；以及在黑人妇女主要居住的社区增加绿色空间。

英文原文如下：

Abstracts

BACKGROUND  In the USA, Black women aged 25-44 years are disproportionately murdered compared with their White counterparts. Despite ongoing efforts to reduce racial and structural inequities, the result of these efforts remains unclear, particularly in light of the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS  This study examined a cross-sectional time series of homicide death rates, by race, from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research system. We included data for women aged 25-44 years between 1999 and 2020 among 30 states in the USA. Homicide death was classified using underlying cause and multiple cause of death codes; mortality rates were calculated per 100 000 based on US Census Bureau population sizes. Homicide methods were classified as firearm, cutting or piercing, and other. Firearm homicides were compared with other homicides with logistic regression including covariates of race, time, and their interaction. We report odds ratios and 95% CIs.

FINDINGS  In 2020, the homicide rate among Black women was 11·6 per 100 000, compared with 3 per 100 000 among White women. This inequity has persisted over time and is virtually unchanged since 1999. Homicide inequities vary across US states; in 11 states, racial inequities have increased since 1999. The racial inequity was greatest in Wisconsin, where in 2019-20, Black women aged 25-44 years were 20 times more likely to die by homicide than White women. Homicide by firearm is increasing in frequency; women in the USA had 2·44 (95% CI 2·14-2·78) times the odds of homicide involving firearms in 2019-20 compared with 1999-2003. Firearm homicide deaths are disproportionately concentrated among Black women in every region in the USA.

INTERPRETATION  Our findings suggest that there is an urgent need to address homicide inequities among Black and White women in the USA. Enacting federal legislation that reduces gun access is a crucial step. Policy makers must address long-standing structural factors that underpin elevated gun violence by implementing sustainable wealth-building opportunities; developing desegregated, mixed income and affordable housing; and increasing green spaces in communities where Black women largely reside.

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